The Era of Good Feelings
1. The Federalist party almost disappeared after the War of 1812, and without any major political divisions, political differences also faded, bringing the Era of Good Feelings.
2. After James Monroe won the 1816 presidential election, he toured the country, even traveling to Boston, the former Federalist stronghold.
3. In 1820, Monroe won the reelection, winning all electoral votes except for one.
2. After James Monroe won the 1816 presidential election, he toured the country, even traveling to Boston, the former Federalist stronghold.
3. In 1820, Monroe won the reelection, winning all electoral votes except for one.
Sectionalism Grows
1. The Era of Good Feelings ended as a sense of sectionalism grew in Americans, and caused conflict between different regions.
2. The different regions disagreed on many issues, such as the problem of internal improvements or slavery.
3. John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay approached the Congress in the early 1800s as representatives from their regions.
John C. Calhoun
1. John C. Calhoun, a planter from South Carolina, became a War Hawk during the War of 1812 and remained a nationalist even after the war was over.
2. His views changed in the 1820s, and Calhoun became known as a supporter of state sovereignty, as well as an opponent of nationalist programs.
3. As a strong voice from the South, he helped argue in favor of state power and against high tariffs.
Daniel Webster
1. Athough Webster supported free trade and the shipping interests of New England at first, he slowly began to favor the Tariff of 1816 and other policies.
2. The Tariff of 1816 helped American industries by protecting them from foreign competition.
3. Webster became a U.S. Senator who was also known for his memorable speeches.
Henry Clay
1. Henry Clay, a War Hawk from Kentucky, became a Speaker of the House of Representatives and a leader of the Western states.
2. Clay helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, as a member of the delegation.
3. He was a national leader who helped resolve differences between regions using compromise.
The Missouri Compromise
1. As new states were added in 1820, different regions argued on the issue of slavery in Missouri.
2. This issue grew as Maine also applied for statehood as well.
3. Brought into consideration by Henry Clay, the Missouri Compromise made Missouri a slave state, Maine a free state, and banned slavery from the rest of the Louisiana Territory.
2. The different regions disagreed on many issues, such as the problem of internal improvements or slavery.
3. John C. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, and Henry Clay approached the Congress in the early 1800s as representatives from their regions.
John C. Calhoun
1. John C. Calhoun, a planter from South Carolina, became a War Hawk during the War of 1812 and remained a nationalist even after the war was over.
2. His views changed in the 1820s, and Calhoun became known as a supporter of state sovereignty, as well as an opponent of nationalist programs.
3. As a strong voice from the South, he helped argue in favor of state power and against high tariffs.
Daniel Webster
1. Athough Webster supported free trade and the shipping interests of New England at first, he slowly began to favor the Tariff of 1816 and other policies.
2. The Tariff of 1816 helped American industries by protecting them from foreign competition.
3. Webster became a U.S. Senator who was also known for his memorable speeches.
Henry Clay
1. Henry Clay, a War Hawk from Kentucky, became a Speaker of the House of Representatives and a leader of the Western states.
2. Clay helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent, ending the War of 1812, as a member of the delegation.
3. He was a national leader who helped resolve differences between regions using compromise.
The Missouri Compromise
1. As new states were added in 1820, different regions argued on the issue of slavery in Missouri.
2. This issue grew as Maine also applied for statehood as well.
3. Brought into consideration by Henry Clay, the Missouri Compromise made Missouri a slave state, Maine a free state, and banned slavery from the rest of the Louisiana Territory.
The American System
1. Clay believed his policies would benefit all regions and created a program called the American System.
2. This system allowed for tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank, which Clay believed would all fit together.
3. However, many disagreed with this program and it did not see much action. However, Congress did create the Second National Bank and adopt some of the internal improvements that were part of Clay's plan.
McCulloch v. Maryland
1. McCulloch v. Maryland reached the Supreme Court in 1819 when the Second Bank of the United States refused to pay the state tax that Maryland imposed on them.
2. John Marshall declared that Maryland could not tax a federal institution such as the Bank because they recieved their authority from the people.
3. The Constitutional Convention decided that the federal government did not have the authority charter corporations such as banks.
Gibbons v. Ogden
1. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not enact any legislation that would interfere with Congressional power over interstate commerce.
2. Many believed that this increased federal power at the expense of state power, while others welcomed support for national power.
2. This system allowed for tariffs, internal improvements, and a national bank, which Clay believed would all fit together.
3. However, many disagreed with this program and it did not see much action. However, Congress did create the Second National Bank and adopt some of the internal improvements that were part of Clay's plan.
McCulloch v. Maryland
1. McCulloch v. Maryland reached the Supreme Court in 1819 when the Second Bank of the United States refused to pay the state tax that Maryland imposed on them.
2. John Marshall declared that Maryland could not tax a federal institution such as the Bank because they recieved their authority from the people.
3. The Constitutional Convention decided that the federal government did not have the authority charter corporations such as banks.
Gibbons v. Ogden
1. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not enact any legislation that would interfere with Congressional power over interstate commerce.
2. Many believed that this increased federal power at the expense of state power, while others welcomed support for national power.
Foreign Affairs
1. Although the War of 1812 increased the sense of nationalism in the U.S., many realized that peace with Britain would help our country grow and develop.
Relations with Britain
1. In 1817, both countries agreed to set a limit of the number of naval vessels allowed on the Great Lakes and establish the disarmament of the border between U.S. and Canada in the Rush-Bagot Treaty.
2. The Convention of 1818 set the boundary of the Lousiana Territory at the 49th parallel and helped us gain the right to settle in Oregon Country.
3. This second agreement established a demilitarized border at the 49th parallel.
Relations with Spain
1. Although Spain claimed they owned West Florida, they did not take any actions against us when we slowly added it to the Louisiana Territory.
2. In 1818, General Andrew Jackson siezed two Spanish forts in East Florida, inducing protest from Luis de Onis.
3. Calhoun believed that Jackson should be court-martialed while John Quincy Adams disagreed.
Adams-Onís Treaty
1. As Adams guessed, Spain did not want war and signed the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, giving up both East and West Florida.
2. In response, the U.S. agreed to give up Spanish Texas and erased the $5 million debt that Spain owed them.
3. The treaty also established a border in the West between U.S. and Spanish territories. This gave the U.S. a piece of land in the Pacific Northwest, making America a transcontinental power.
Relations with Britain
1. In 1817, both countries agreed to set a limit of the number of naval vessels allowed on the Great Lakes and establish the disarmament of the border between U.S. and Canada in the Rush-Bagot Treaty.
2. The Convention of 1818 set the boundary of the Lousiana Territory at the 49th parallel and helped us gain the right to settle in Oregon Country.
3. This second agreement established a demilitarized border at the 49th parallel.
Relations with Spain
1. Although Spain claimed they owned West Florida, they did not take any actions against us when we slowly added it to the Louisiana Territory.
2. In 1818, General Andrew Jackson siezed two Spanish forts in East Florida, inducing protest from Luis de Onis.
3. Calhoun believed that Jackson should be court-martialed while John Quincy Adams disagreed.
Adams-Onís Treaty
1. As Adams guessed, Spain did not want war and signed the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, giving up both East and West Florida.
2. In response, the U.S. agreed to give up Spanish Texas and erased the $5 million debt that Spain owed them.
3. The treaty also established a border in the West between U.S. and Spanish territories. This gave the U.S. a piece of land in the Pacific Northwest, making America a transcontinental power.
Latin American Republics
1. At this time, Spain was having difficulties controlling the lands that they owned in the southwestern North America, Mexico, Central America, and South America.
2. In 1810, a priest by the name of Miguel Hidalgo led a rebellion against the government established in Mexico, but was defeated by Spanish forces and executed.
3. 11 years later, Mexico gained indepenpendence from Spain.
Bolívar and San Martin
1. South America gained independence with the help of two men: Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
2. Simón Bolívar, AKA "The Liberator", helped win independence in Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
3. José de San Martín help achieve freedom in the countries of Chile and Peru, almost completing the liberation of South America by 1824.
4. Brazil also liberated itself from Portugal in 1822, minimizing Spain's empire to Cuba, Puerto Rice, and a few islands in the Caribbean.
The Monroe Doctrine
1. In 1822, Spain attempted to fight the revolutionary forces in South America by turning to the Quadruple Alliance (France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) for help.
2. President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine on December 2, 1823, declaring that European countries had no right to colonize North and South America.
3. However, the Monroe Doctrine was not enforced due to a lack of military power in the United States, but became an important factor in American foreign policy for more than 170 years.
2. In 1810, a priest by the name of Miguel Hidalgo led a rebellion against the government established in Mexico, but was defeated by Spanish forces and executed.
3. 11 years later, Mexico gained indepenpendence from Spain.
Bolívar and San Martin
1. South America gained independence with the help of two men: Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
2. Simón Bolívar, AKA "The Liberator", helped win independence in Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
3. José de San Martín help achieve freedom in the countries of Chile and Peru, almost completing the liberation of South America by 1824.
4. Brazil also liberated itself from Portugal in 1822, minimizing Spain's empire to Cuba, Puerto Rice, and a few islands in the Caribbean.
The Monroe Doctrine
1. In 1822, Spain attempted to fight the revolutionary forces in South America by turning to the Quadruple Alliance (France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia) for help.
2. President Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine on December 2, 1823, declaring that European countries had no right to colonize North and South America.
3. However, the Monroe Doctrine was not enforced due to a lack of military power in the United States, but became an important factor in American foreign policy for more than 170 years.