The Election of 1824
1. Although there was only one political party at the time (the Jeffersonian Republicans), various groups with different views arose, resulting in four candidates for the presidential election of 1824.
2. Among the four nominees were Henry Clay, a former congressman from Georgia. The other three: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and John Quincy Adams, were all favorite son candidates.
3. Each of the four candidates held different opinions on the involvement of the national government and spoke for different regions of the United States.
Striking a Bargain
1. Although Andrew Jackson won the plurality of the electoral votes, none of the presidential candidates won the majority of the votes, which gave the House of Representatives the right to choose the president.
2. After meeting with John Quincy Adams, Clay decided to use his position of Speaker of the House to defeat Jackson.
3. Adams became the next president and appointed Clay as the secretary of state.
The Adams Presidency
1. Many people disliked Adams due to his corrupt bargain with Clay and his unpopular opinions about the role of the federal government.
2. Adams wished for a stronger navy, funds for scientific expeditions, and wanted the national government to direct economic growth.
3. Many of his ideas were turned down by the Congress especially after 1826 when many of his enemies won the elections for control over the House and the Senate.
2. Among the four nominees were Henry Clay, a former congressman from Georgia. The other three: Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and John Quincy Adams, were all favorite son candidates.
3. Each of the four candidates held different opinions on the involvement of the national government and spoke for different regions of the United States.
Striking a Bargain
1. Although Andrew Jackson won the plurality of the electoral votes, none of the presidential candidates won the majority of the votes, which gave the House of Representatives the right to choose the president.
2. After meeting with John Quincy Adams, Clay decided to use his position of Speaker of the House to defeat Jackson.
3. Adams became the next president and appointed Clay as the secretary of state.
The Adams Presidency
1. Many people disliked Adams due to his corrupt bargain with Clay and his unpopular opinions about the role of the federal government.
2. Adams wished for a stronger navy, funds for scientific expeditions, and wanted the national government to direct economic growth.
3. Many of his ideas were turned down by the Congress especially after 1826 when many of his enemies won the elections for control over the House and the Senate.
The Election of 1828
1. In 1828, the political party separated, creating the Democratic-Republicans, supporting Jackson, and the National Republicans, supporting Adams.
2. Both parties used the method of mudslinging to ruin their opponent's reputation.
3. Election events, slogans, buttons, and rallies were all started during the presidential election of 1828.
Jackson Triumphs
1. By recieving most of the votes from the new frontier states and the Southern states, Jackson won the election of 1828.
2. Although, at first, he was Adams' vice president, John C. Calhoun switched parties to run with Jackson.
3. Jackson won in a landslide with 56% of the popular vote and 178 electoral votes.
2. Both parties used the method of mudslinging to ruin their opponent's reputation.
3. Election events, slogans, buttons, and rallies were all started during the presidential election of 1828.
Jackson Triumphs
1. By recieving most of the votes from the new frontier states and the Southern states, Jackson won the election of 1828.
2. Although, at first, he was Adams' vice president, John C. Calhoun switched parties to run with Jackson.
3. Jackson won in a landslide with 56% of the popular vote and 178 electoral votes.
Jackson as President
1. On March 4, 1829, thousands of Americans poured into Washington D.C. in hopes of hearing Jackson's inauguration speech.
2. After Jackson's Inaugural Address, he hosted a reception at the White House for the farmers, laborers, and other fans who had come to see him.
"Old Hickory"
1. Born in a log cabin, Jackson's parents died when he was only 15, leaving him to fight in the American Revolution.
2. After being appointed into Congress, Jackson gained fame from his victories during the War of 1812 when he was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because he was as tough as a hickory stick.
3. Many of the small farmers and pesents who had been left out of the expanding American economy adored Jackson and his success story.
New Voters
1. Promising equal protection and benefits, Jackson allowed limited suffrage in many of the states for anyone who owned property or paid taxes.
2. Starting in 1815, suffrage grew until almost 80% of white male citizens were able to vote in 1840.
3. By 1828, 22 out of 24 states allowed for the people to choose the presidential electors rather than the state legislature.
The Spoils System
1. The Deomcrats feared that the national government had become a bureaucracy and thought ordinary citizens should be allowed to run for government jobs.
2. Jackson fired many federal workers, only to replace them with his friends and supporters.
3. The method that he used to hire government employees became known as the spoils system.
Electoral Changes
1. To help make the political system more democratic, Jackson's supporters got rid of the caucus system and replaced them with nominating conventions.
2. In 1832, the Democrats decided to nominate Jackson during their first national party convention.
3. Due to the new system of nominating conventions, more people helped choose the next political candidate.
2. After Jackson's Inaugural Address, he hosted a reception at the White House for the farmers, laborers, and other fans who had come to see him.
"Old Hickory"
1. Born in a log cabin, Jackson's parents died when he was only 15, leaving him to fight in the American Revolution.
2. After being appointed into Congress, Jackson gained fame from his victories during the War of 1812 when he was nicknamed "Old Hickory" because he was as tough as a hickory stick.
3. Many of the small farmers and pesents who had been left out of the expanding American economy adored Jackson and his success story.
New Voters
1. Promising equal protection and benefits, Jackson allowed limited suffrage in many of the states for anyone who owned property or paid taxes.
2. Starting in 1815, suffrage grew until almost 80% of white male citizens were able to vote in 1840.
3. By 1828, 22 out of 24 states allowed for the people to choose the presidential electors rather than the state legislature.
The Spoils System
1. The Deomcrats feared that the national government had become a bureaucracy and thought ordinary citizens should be allowed to run for government jobs.
2. Jackson fired many federal workers, only to replace them with his friends and supporters.
3. The method that he used to hire government employees became known as the spoils system.
Electoral Changes
1. To help make the political system more democratic, Jackson's supporters got rid of the caucus system and replaced them with nominating conventions.
2. In 1832, the Democrats decided to nominate Jackson during their first national party convention.
3. Due to the new system of nominating conventions, more people helped choose the next political candidate.
The Tariff Debate
1. The issue of tariffs was one that brought many different arguments and opinions during the Jackson Era.
2. In 1828, Congress passed a tariff on European goods, pleasing the Northeast region of the country.
3. The Southerners considered it the Tariff of Abominations, as it brought higher prices to both American and European goods.
The South Protests
1. Some of the Southerners wanted to secede from the nation due to this new tariff.
2. Calhoun believed that the states had the power to nullify federal laws.
3. Calhoun continued to research the issue of state sovereignty, arguing that the federal government was a creation of the states, giving them the right to cancel laws.
The Webster-Hayne Debate
1. In January 1830, Robert Hayne made a speech to the Senate, defending the idea of nullification and seceding from the nation.
2. Webster defended the Constitution, arguing that nullification would only bring the end of the Union.
Jackson Takes a Stand
1. It was unclear where President Jackson stood in this argument until he spoke on the matter at a states' rights supporters dinner.
2. The vice president resigned from his position when he realized that Jackson had a different opinion of the matter.
3. In December 1832, Calhoun won the election to the Senate where he hoped to represent the Southern views.
The Nullification Crisis
1. After Congress failed to calm the protests in the South using a lower tariff, South Carolina passed the Nullification Act, stating that the state would not pay any of the tariffs that had been passed from 1828 to 1832.
2. Jackson persuaded Congress to pass the Force Bill, allowing him to use the military to enforce the acts of the Congress although he also promised to lower the tariff in the following years.
3. South Carolina acceped this compromise as a victory of nullification and responded by nullifying the Force Act as well.
2. In 1828, Congress passed a tariff on European goods, pleasing the Northeast region of the country.
3. The Southerners considered it the Tariff of Abominations, as it brought higher prices to both American and European goods.
The South Protests
1. Some of the Southerners wanted to secede from the nation due to this new tariff.
2. Calhoun believed that the states had the power to nullify federal laws.
3. Calhoun continued to research the issue of state sovereignty, arguing that the federal government was a creation of the states, giving them the right to cancel laws.
The Webster-Hayne Debate
1. In January 1830, Robert Hayne made a speech to the Senate, defending the idea of nullification and seceding from the nation.
2. Webster defended the Constitution, arguing that nullification would only bring the end of the Union.
Jackson Takes a Stand
1. It was unclear where President Jackson stood in this argument until he spoke on the matter at a states' rights supporters dinner.
2. The vice president resigned from his position when he realized that Jackson had a different opinion of the matter.
3. In December 1832, Calhoun won the election to the Senate where he hoped to represent the Southern views.
The Nullification Crisis
1. After Congress failed to calm the protests in the South using a lower tariff, South Carolina passed the Nullification Act, stating that the state would not pay any of the tariffs that had been passed from 1828 to 1832.
2. Jackson persuaded Congress to pass the Force Bill, allowing him to use the military to enforce the acts of the Congress although he also promised to lower the tariff in the following years.
3. South Carolina acceped this compromise as a victory of nullification and responded by nullifying the Force Act as well.