Northern Factories
1. Between 1820 and 1860, machines took over many of the tasks that people had done by hand previously.
2. The mills of Lowell, Massachusetts introduced the idea of the factory system, bringing the whole production process into one place.
3. By the 1800s, factories produced textiles, clothing, shoes, watches, guns, sewing machines, and agricultural machinery.
Working Conditions
1. Because owners required longer hours out of their employees, workers started working about 11.4 hours a day, increasing the number of on-the-job accidents.
2. Many workers, especially children, suffered injuries while working with new machines, belts, and goods, and they all had to work without any air-conditioning or heating.
3. There were no laws to regulate the working conditions or protection of the workers to help displeased employees.
Attempts to Organize
1. Worried about their health and safety, many workers gathered to create trade unions.
2. In the 1830s, a group of workers from New York City staged strikes and demanded higher wages and less working hours.
3. In the early 1800s, strikes were illegal and could lead to losing your job or being punished by the law.
African-American Workers
1. Although slavery was abolished from the North in the 1830s, prejudice and discrimination continued to remain.
2. African Americans were unable to vote, attend school, or enter public facilities in most states.
3. Although most of them were poor, some African Americans succeeded in the buisness world.
Women Workers
1. Both employers and employees discriminated against women and excluded them from the workplace and unions.
2. In the 1830s and 1840s, female workers also tried to organize into unions but their early efforts failed to succeed.
3. Sarah G. Bagley, in Massachusetts, also petitioned for a 10-hour workday, but the state legislature ignored their petition because it was mostly signed by women.
2. The mills of Lowell, Massachusetts introduced the idea of the factory system, bringing the whole production process into one place.
3. By the 1800s, factories produced textiles, clothing, shoes, watches, guns, sewing machines, and agricultural machinery.
Working Conditions
1. Because owners required longer hours out of their employees, workers started working about 11.4 hours a day, increasing the number of on-the-job accidents.
2. Many workers, especially children, suffered injuries while working with new machines, belts, and goods, and they all had to work without any air-conditioning or heating.
3. There were no laws to regulate the working conditions or protection of the workers to help displeased employees.
Attempts to Organize
1. Worried about their health and safety, many workers gathered to create trade unions.
2. In the 1830s, a group of workers from New York City staged strikes and demanded higher wages and less working hours.
3. In the early 1800s, strikes were illegal and could lead to losing your job or being punished by the law.
African-American Workers
1. Although slavery was abolished from the North in the 1830s, prejudice and discrimination continued to remain.
2. African Americans were unable to vote, attend school, or enter public facilities in most states.
3. Although most of them were poor, some African Americans succeeded in the buisness world.
Women Workers
1. Both employers and employees discriminated against women and excluded them from the workplace and unions.
2. In the 1830s and 1840s, female workers also tried to organize into unions but their early efforts failed to succeed.
3. Sarah G. Bagley, in Massachusetts, also petitioned for a 10-hour workday, but the state legislature ignored their petition because it was mostly signed by women.
The Rise of Cities
1. As more and more factories were built in the North, the population of these Northern cities grew as people came searching for work.
2. Many small towns became large cities because of their geographical location.
3. These cities became centers of the growing trade because they connected the Midwest to the Northeast by the use of rivers.
Immigration
1. Between 1840 and 1860, a large number of immigrants came to the U.S. in search of jobs, willing to work long hours for little pay.
2. From 1846 to 1860, a large group of immigrants made their way across the Atlantic from Ireland, bringing a potato famine that caused more than one million deaths.
3. The next group of immigrants were Germans who had left their homes after the failure of a democratic revolution, bringing enough money to prosper from the land or a buisness.
The Impact of Immigration
1. The most important thing that immigrants brought were their languages, customs, religions, and ways of life.
2. Because most of the Irish and Germans were Roman Catholic, this religion spread throughout the American culture.
3. Many German communities were also created, bringing new musical societies and German publications.
Immigrants Face Prejudice
1. Nativists believed that immigrants were threatening to native citizens of the U.S.
2. Many disliked the competition to find work, especially because the immigrants worked longer for lower wages.
3. Immigrants were also blamed for any crimes or diseases that occured.
The Know-Nothing Party
1. In the 1850s, the nativists gathered together to create the American Party, a new political party that came to be known as the Know-Nothing Party.
2. The nativists wanted to pass new laws on citizenship, extending their wait from 5 to 21 years, and holding office, banning anybody born in a foreign country.
3. Because of disagreements on the issue of slavery, the Know-Nothing Party split into a Northern and Southern branch.
2. Many small towns became large cities because of their geographical location.
3. These cities became centers of the growing trade because they connected the Midwest to the Northeast by the use of rivers.
Immigration
1. Between 1840 and 1860, a large number of immigrants came to the U.S. in search of jobs, willing to work long hours for little pay.
2. From 1846 to 1860, a large group of immigrants made their way across the Atlantic from Ireland, bringing a potato famine that caused more than one million deaths.
3. The next group of immigrants were Germans who had left their homes after the failure of a democratic revolution, bringing enough money to prosper from the land or a buisness.
The Impact of Immigration
1. The most important thing that immigrants brought were their languages, customs, religions, and ways of life.
2. Because most of the Irish and Germans were Roman Catholic, this religion spread throughout the American culture.
3. Many German communities were also created, bringing new musical societies and German publications.
Immigrants Face Prejudice
1. Nativists believed that immigrants were threatening to native citizens of the U.S.
2. Many disliked the competition to find work, especially because the immigrants worked longer for lower wages.
3. Immigrants were also blamed for any crimes or diseases that occured.
The Know-Nothing Party
1. In the 1850s, the nativists gathered together to create the American Party, a new political party that came to be known as the Know-Nothing Party.
2. The nativists wanted to pass new laws on citizenship, extending their wait from 5 to 21 years, and holding office, banning anybody born in a foreign country.
3. Because of disagreements on the issue of slavery, the Know-Nothing Party split into a Northern and Southern branch.