The Missouri Compromise
1. When Missouri applied to the Congress for admission to the Union in 1819, they still permitted slavery and had a population of about 10,000 African American slaves.
2. With 11 states allowing slavery and 11 states banning it, the balance between free and slave states were equal.
3. As the North and the South competed against each other, their differences in views and opinions grew into strong sectionalism.
Clay's Proposal
1. The Senate settled the conflict by admitting Missouri as a slave state while simultaneously admitting Maine as a free state and agreeing to ban slavery from the rest of the Lousiana Territory.
2.In 1820, Henry Clay divided this compromise into three different proposals to get the Senate to pass the bill.
3. The Missouri Compromise helped keep the balance of free and slave states in the Senate and brought their conflict over slavery to an end.
2. With 11 states allowing slavery and 11 states banning it, the balance between free and slave states were equal.
3. As the North and the South competed against each other, their differences in views and opinions grew into strong sectionalism.
Clay's Proposal
1. The Senate settled the conflict by admitting Missouri as a slave state while simultaneously admitting Maine as a free state and agreeing to ban slavery from the rest of the Lousiana Territory.
2.In 1820, Henry Clay divided this compromise into three different proposals to get the Senate to pass the bill.
3. The Missouri Compromise helped keep the balance of free and slave states in the Senate and brought their conflict over slavery to an end.
New Western Lands
1. When the U.S. acquired Texas, New Mexico, and California during the wave of Manifest Destiny in the 1840s, the slavery issue was brought up in the Congress.
2. Many Southerners hoped that Texas would join the Union, making the annexation of Texas a key point in the 1844 presidential election.
3. In 1845, President Polk made Texas a state and went to war with Mexico for California and New Mexico.
Conflicting Views
1. Months before the start of the Mexican War, David Wilmot introduced the Wilmot Proviso, a proposal banning slavery from any lands acquired by Mexico, to the Congress.
2. John C. Calhoun challenged his proposal with a proposal preventing Congress or any territorial government from banning or regulating slavery in a region.
3. Although neither proposal was passed, it initiated a huge debate on the issue of slavery in California and New Mexico that was still not absolved by the presidential election of 1848.
The Free-Soil Party
1.In 1848, both presidential candidates were unable to determine their side on the issue of slavery in California and New Mexico, resulting in the formation of a new political party known as the Free-Soil Party.
2. The Free-Soil Party opposed slavery in the United States' new territories and nominated Martin Van Buren as their candidate for the presidential election of 1848.
3. Although Zachary Taylor, the Whig candidate, won the 1848 presidential election, the Free-Soil Party managed to win several seats in Congress.
California
1. In order to have both territories vote on the issue of allowing slavery, President Taylor urged California and New Mexico to to apply for statehood.
2. Although California applied for statehood in 1850, others issues on Washington D.C., fugitive slaves, and the Texas-Mexican border made it difficult to add California into the balance of free and slave states.
3. With the balance at 15 free states and 15 slave states, it was hard to add California, New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah to the Union without having the South secede.
2. Many Southerners hoped that Texas would join the Union, making the annexation of Texas a key point in the 1844 presidential election.
3. In 1845, President Polk made Texas a state and went to war with Mexico for California and New Mexico.
Conflicting Views
1. Months before the start of the Mexican War, David Wilmot introduced the Wilmot Proviso, a proposal banning slavery from any lands acquired by Mexico, to the Congress.
2. John C. Calhoun challenged his proposal with a proposal preventing Congress or any territorial government from banning or regulating slavery in a region.
3. Although neither proposal was passed, it initiated a huge debate on the issue of slavery in California and New Mexico that was still not absolved by the presidential election of 1848.
The Free-Soil Party
1.In 1848, both presidential candidates were unable to determine their side on the issue of slavery in California and New Mexico, resulting in the formation of a new political party known as the Free-Soil Party.
2. The Free-Soil Party opposed slavery in the United States' new territories and nominated Martin Van Buren as their candidate for the presidential election of 1848.
3. Although Zachary Taylor, the Whig candidate, won the 1848 presidential election, the Free-Soil Party managed to win several seats in Congress.
California
1. In order to have both territories vote on the issue of allowing slavery, President Taylor urged California and New Mexico to to apply for statehood.
2. Although California applied for statehood in 1850, others issues on Washington D.C., fugitive slaves, and the Texas-Mexican border made it difficult to add California into the balance of free and slave states.
3. With the balance at 15 free states and 15 slave states, it was hard to add California, New Mexico, Oregon, and Utah to the Union without having the South secede.
A New Compromise
1. In 1850, Henry Clay proposed a multi-part plan where (1) California would become a free state, (2) New Mexico would have no restrictions on slavery, (3) the Texas-Mexico border would favor New Mexico, (4) the slave trade would be banned from Washington D.C., and (5) a strong fugitive slave law would be passed.
2. While John C. Calhoun believed the South would secede in response to Clay's plan, Daniel Webster supported the compromise.
3. Webster firmly believed in the preservation of the Union.
The Compromise of 1850
1. President Taylor suddenly died, leaving Millard Fillmore to become the president.
2. President Fillmore persuaded several Whigs to abstain from voting for the new proposals.
3. Nonetheless, the Congress was able to pass five separate bills that became known as the Compromise of 1850.
2. While John C. Calhoun believed the South would secede in response to Clay's plan, Daniel Webster supported the compromise.
3. Webster firmly believed in the preservation of the Union.
The Compromise of 1850
1. President Taylor suddenly died, leaving Millard Fillmore to become the president.
2. President Fillmore persuaded several Whigs to abstain from voting for the new proposals.
3. Nonetheless, the Congress was able to pass five separate bills that became known as the Compromise of 1850.